The U.S. Military Is Officially Preparing For An “Alien Invasion”
(FEDERALJACK) A few months ago I made a video and posted it here on FJ about the government, media and their mouth pieces hyping an alien invasion titled Michio Kaku Hyping Alien Invasion As Corporate Media Says Alien Threat Would Help Global Governance. It shows how the corporate controlled media and the government are hyping an outside threat of alien invasion and using that “threat” as a way to push the idea of a global government. This is the exact script of the movie Independence Day and the real blueprint of something called Project Blue Beam and you are seeing the foundation laid for it. Even Paul Krugman said back on August 14th 2011 that the government should fake an alien invasion to fix the economy. So with those recent pieces of evidence in mind let’s now pay attention to a mainstream news report put out on Easter Sunday 2012 in Australia. A member of the U.S. Air Command with special clearance of White House, spoke during an interview aired on Australian MSM, about the official plans of the U.S. military to fight a hostile alien invasion.
IT’S OFFICIAL: A member of the U.S. Air Command with special clearance of White House, spoke earlier this Sunday, during an interview apparently aired only by Australian MSM, about the official plans of the U.S. military to fight a hostile alien invasion. Take in mind that TPTB are building a mega radio-telescope in Australia and New Zealand, for detecting an alien invasion and also the U.S. Army is deploying thousands of Marines in Australia, what strongly suggests that a major false-flag event will take place in the land of down under.
Ask yourself, why all the hype about an alien invasion? Then pay attention to the things they are saying are the goals and it becomes clear, WORLD GOVERNMENT. Now I’m not saying I don’t believe aliens are out there, that would be an ignorant and arrogant stance to take considering the size of the universe. If they are out there they would be so advanced that to them we would be like the monkeys in the zoo who fling poop at each other. To them the Earth is probably a neat place to visit from afar but they must be careful not to get too close too often because the natives are primitive and dangerous. I also agree that working together as humankind to explore space and the oceans would be great. I agree that no more war, death, bloodshed would be great but that is not what the people pulling the strings want. They want quite the opposite. Their goal is a one world government that has the ability, power, and means to control everything on the planet and every aspect of human life for their own twisted goals. I know this all sounds crazy but it is 100% real as can be. Do the research for yourself and you will see. And remember what Henry Kissinger said while speaking at the Bilderberg meeting in Evian, France, May 21, 1992:
“Today Americans would be outraged if U.N. troops entered Los Angeles to restore order; tomorrow they will be grateful. This is especially true if they were told there was an outside threat from beyond, whether real or promulgated, that threatened our very existence. It is then that all peoples of the world will plead with world leaders to deliver them from this evil. The one thing every man fears is the unknown. When presented with this scenario, individual rights will be willingly relinquished for the guarantee of their well being granted to them by their world government.”
For those who are unfamiliar as to who are the Anunnaki the following is a brief definition. The Anunnaki are the pantheon of Sumerian gods. Depending where you get your information and what epics are being referenced the total number varies with Enoch giving the number of 200 which is the number the Urania Book gives as well which includes the human associates who were modified to be sustained by the Tree of Life. The ones most important are the seven great gods as pictured above. It is mainly these seven that comprise most of the Sumerian epics. The pantheon of "gods" in the above description is the most broad description but fails to explain who and what they were. The Anunnaki were real and just as the Sumerians wrote they did come from a place we call heaven. The Sumerians were writing/documenting their own history for they are directly connected to the Anunnaki. There are a lot of sites devoted to the legend of these Anunnaki. Almost all of it is myth. First are the Sitchen sites and how the Anunnaki came from Nibiru. Then there are the believers that the Anunnaki are from a reptilian race (a reference to the Winged Serpent?) or have something to do with UFOs all of which is pure fantasy. The Anunnaki grew out of the legend of the Caligastia 100 and the Lucifer rebellion. One tipoff is the fact that they were a council with a leader (An). A very earthly arrangement that reflects a heavenly one and one they would have been very well aware of and fashioned themselves after:
"God's heavenly council was made up of angelic servants often called “sons of God” (Job 1:6; Job 2:1). God sent these servants from the council from time to time to do His bidding (Job 1-2). For Jeremiah the sign of false prophets was that they had not “stood in the counsel of the Lord” (Jeremiah 23:18). (http://www.studylight.org/dic/hbd/view.cgi?number=T1427) The Caligastia 100 are the original Anunnaki whose mission was to teach early man the ways of civilization. You can find a reference to this statement in the Book of Jubilees as noted elsewhere on this web site (Lucifer). Jubilees uses the term Watchers which is also the Biblical term for the Anunnaki. This is what the Sumerian statement refers to that civilization was a "gift from the gods". And like just about everything else the Sumerians wrote about, it is true. At that time the Anunnaki were the government of the planet. Their authority was divine. This is also why the statement that "kingship descended from heaven" was Sumerian as well. Then came the Lucifer rebellion, that "war in heaven". And it is because of this event that there was a split among the ranks of the Anunnaki with some considered as "good" and some considered as "bad". Those who are the "bad" Anunnaki are the ones who were the progenitors of the Nephilim.
The Sumerian stories about all of this prehistory for the most part uses the main and most important seven sages to tell these epics. These "gods" play different roles in these stories, roles which may not be accurate. But the stories themselves are. What I find interesting is that many of these stories are about Adam and Eve (Eve mostly), the Tree of Life and Eden. They too are a part of the Anunnaki and just like the Caligastia 100 they came from heaven. The Sumerian account of civilization coming from heaven is true even though it includes two different divine regimes. Adam and Eve came well after the rebellion and they were the new planetary government. The statement "kingship descended from heaven" is much more appropriate to Adam and Eve than the much older Caligastia 100. The Edenic influence could be considered greater than the older participants because one, the stature of Adam and Eve and the stronger of the two, the closer proximity on the time line to us of Eden vs. the original 100. We are talking about extreme lengths of time which is a major contributor to the confusion regarding the interpretation of these so-called myths. For example the division between Enlil and Enki. Both knew each other at the time of their arrival. In the Sumerian story of the flood they are in conflict. The story of the flood is true, there was a great flood and described as a "world flood" which in reality it was not, only to be mistakenly identified as such much later. But neither role of these two opposing forces is true because they were no longer around at the time of the flood. Enlil, who was Nod, was less than dust by this time and Enki, who was Van, had returned long ago to where he came from. But that does not negate the story itself that to the Sumerians there was a world flood - as far as they were concerned. Who would have thought that the Sumerians created the first Hollywood using the same actors in different roles to tell different stories? The "canonization" of the Anunnaki is well after the establishment of the second garden.The council of the Sumerian Anunnaki was not entirely ancient Anunnaki, that is, Nodite - of the fallen although there is a very strong Nodite influence.It includes the Adamic and Vanite and points to, I think, it's Andite roots. The Andites appear at about 25,000 BC. Their bloodline includes both Adamic and Nodite. They may even be the "smarter humans" created by Ninhursag. They were smarter. By 3,000 BC the Adamite and Nodite bloodlines were quite blended and the stories about the Anunnaki reflect both cultures. And now onto the players. The following definitions for the individual Anunnaki are my personal take on these great gods. You will not find these definitions anywhere else but here.
The Anunnaki as Real People
If you have done any research you certainly would have run across the observation of just how humanlike these "gods" were. And that would be accurate. In the epics rather than being God like they have their arguments, disagreements, affairs, trickery, revenge and the like. Definitely not the behavior you would expect. The Anunnaki of the 100 were at one time mortals and hardly perfect. Some of their foibles were known and incorporated into the epics. These imperfections were often used to make a point and the choice of who does what is closer than you think. Only in a couple of instances that I can think of (involving Enki) is the wrong "actor" used. But not knowing the true point of some of these stories I could be wrong.
"Fundamental to anything regarding the Sumerians are their gods and goddesses, whom as a group they called the Anunnaki (literally, “those who from heaven to earth came”). As in any later pantheon, the Anunnaki consisted of a number of very different personalities, that clashed with each other often and in an enormous variety of ways. While their very distinct personalities can be used to establish Archetypes, all of the evidence suggests that the Anunnaki were historical figures and not mythological. The Sumerian Family Tree, in fact, distinguishes between those Gods and Goddesses who were born on earth (the new generation) and those born in heaven. The Sumerian texts also describe the Epic of Creation (of which Genesis is a condensed version), as well as a continuing semi-sibling rivalry between Enki and Enlil, their offspring, and those humans who voluntarily or otherwise began the process of choosing up sides." (http://www.halexandria.org/dward183.htm) "Laurence Gardner [2] has written: “Every item of written and pictorial attestation confirms that the ancient Sumerians were absolutely sincere about the existence of the Anunnaki, and those such as Enki, Enlil, Nin-khursag and Inanna fulfilled earthly functions with designated community duties. They were patrons and founders; they were teachers and justices; they were technologists and kingmakers. They were jointly and severally venerated as archons and masters, but there were certainly not idols of religious worship as the ritualistic gods of subsequent cultures became. In fact, the word which was eventually translated to become ‘worship’ was avod, which meant quite simply, ‘work’. The Anunnaki presence may baffle historians, their language may confuse linguists and their advanced techniques may bewilder scientists, but to dismiss them is foolish. The Sumerians have themselves told us precisely who the Anunnaki were, and neither history nor science can prove otherwise.” " (http://www.geocities.com/elchasqui_2/Genesiskings7.html) "For over a millennium, about 5000 years ago, there was one dominant and unchanging belief in what we would today call a religion. In this ancient time religion and culture were identical. The leaders and rulers of men were described as being in intimate contact with the "gods," who were collectively known as Anunaki. The growing dictionary of words and meanings that was being compiled by the translations of the Nippur fragments quickly hinted to something extraordinary. That the ancient "gods" took their name from "Anu," meaning heaven, and "ki," which means earth. Literally, they were "those who came from heaven to earth."" (http://www.viewzone.com/origins.html) The following personal definitions are really too brief but they should give you an idea of the personality behind the name.
An - Angelic/Rebel As based on a pre-historical figure, most likely Caligastia the now defunct and dysfunctional ex-Planetary Prince. At the time of the rebellion he was proclaimed by his subordinate as "God of Urantia and supreme over all." (Urantia Book p755)An is at the top as a creator god of the Sumerian pantheon but he is more like a retired god and may be the prototype for El. Distant in the affairs of humankind. No home town. AKA Anu, Anus and the father of the gods His palace is at the top in the heavens of the axis mundi.
Enlil - Watcher/Rebel As based on a pre-historical figure, most likely Nod namesake to the "land of Nod" east of Eden. One of the leaders in the 100 (the commission on industry and trade). Most often second in command but also older half brother to Enki. Not the most popular god around as he is the one responsible for the Sumerian flood to wipe out the noisy humans. In some epics he is responsible for the mes. Marduk, a younger upstart Babylonian god, wrested the axis mundi from Enlil to his own temple Esagil at Babylon. According to Babylonian epics Marduk is Enki's son. Sweet. Home town is Nippur at one time the spiritual center of Sumeria. AKA Ellil and the king of the Anunnaki/Lord of the Sky His palace is in the middle of the axis mundi.
Enki - Watcher/Loyalist As based on a pre-historical figure, most likely Van as in the Kingdom of Van and Lake Van. One of the leaders in the 100 (the supreme court of tribal co-ordination and racial co-operation). Like Enlil he was deemed the keeper of the mes which are the declarations of civilization. A popular god who saved humanity from the Sumerian flood and other disasters. Although titled Lord of the Earth he is associated with sweet water as opposed to salt water. Home town is Eridu the first Sumerian city. AKA Ea and the Lord of the Earth His palace is in the abyss at the bottom of the axis mundi. Read more on Van as Enki on the page Van.
Inanna - Adamic/Loyalist As based on a pre-historical figure, most likely Eve. Sometimes referred to as the Earth Goddess. As a "late comer" she may have been grafted onto an earlier version of the Goddess if one existed. Origin of the Earth Goddess is not certain but may date from deep into the Paleolithic. Despite her lower status within the Anunnaki pantheon she wields great power. Her strongest associations are with the sacred tree, the serpent and the bestower of kingship. She was also a very popular goddess. Home town is Erech/Uruk (along with Gilgamesh). AKA Ishtar and the Goddess of Love and War and the Queen of Heaven Read more on Eve as Inanna on the page The Tree of Life. Utu - Adamic/Loyalist As based on a pre-historical figure, most likely Adam. As Genesis states Adam was an agriculturalist. As Utu the Sun god he has many roles which include agriculture. Like his "sister" Inanna he too is of a lower rank. This may be due to the lateness of their arrival after the rebellion with An, Enlil and Enki being far older gods with their standings within the 100 or the fact that Adam and Eve are not Nodite. However, they were superhuman planetary rulers, connected with Enki and thus their importance to the Sumerian pantheon. Home town probably none as he was always rising in the east and setting in the west. AKA Shamash and the god of justice Read more on the symbolic connection of Adam as Utu and Eve as Inanna on the page The Sun and Rosette
Nanna - Nodite?/Aboriginal?/Semetic As based on a pre-historical figure, unknown but is male. May have been included within the pantheon due to the importance to the hunter/gatherers. Would have had an ancient tradition prior to agriculture. "Before Dilmun existed, palm trees grew in my city" so says Nanna in the Sumerian epic The Journey of Nanna to Nippur. May have kept power because he was a lunar marker of religious feasts/festivals (Easter partly follows the lunar calendar). In the Sumerian texts he is the father of Inanna and Utu. Associated with Astrology because of his connection to the lunar calendar and cycle. He was very powerful. Home towns Ur and Harran. AKA Sin and as the Lord of Wisdom
Ninhursag - Watcher?/Nodite? As based on a pre-historical figure, unknown. She could be one of the oldest goddesses as she personifies the earth as Ki at the time of creation. Her symbol is an omega shape that represents the uterus (the womb of creation). In the epic Enki and Ninmah (Ninmah as Ninhursag) they try to create the first humans from clay. Her interactions with Enki may have more to do with Dilmun than with Eden. Home town unknown but could be Kish. AKA Aruru and the mother of the gods In the later Babylonian epics these gods have their counterparts plus the god Marduk who is the Swiss army knife of all gods. He does it all. He creates the world by defeating Tiamat, he creates the first humans, dethrones a top Sumerian god and declares Babylon as the center of the world. Not bad. The following quotes have a semblance to the situation at the time of the rebellion, in particular that of Nod so it could be a retelling of that story when after they had chosen up sides.
"The sixty members of the planetary staff who went into rebellion chose Nod as their leader. They worked wholeheartedly for the rebel Prince but soon discovered that they were deprived of the sustenance of the system life circuits. They awakened to the fact that they had been degraded to the status of mortal beings. They were indeed superhuman but, at the same time, material and mortal." (Urantia Book p 757)
"Enoch elaborates with the leading Watcher, Semjaza, in fear of receiving all blame for their passions: Semjaza, who was their leader, said unto them: “I fear ye will not indeed agree to do this deed, and I alone shall have to pay the penalty of a great sin.” And they all answered him and said: “Let us all swear an oath, and all bind ourselves by mutual imprecations not to abandon this plan but to do this thing.” Then sware they all together and bound themselves by mutual imprecations upon it. And they were in all two hundred; who descended in the days of Jared on the summit of Mount Hermon, and they called it Mount Hermon, because they had sworn and bound themselves by mutual imprecations upon it." ( Enoch 6:4-7) "Thus freed from all burdens [Marduk created man as their slave], the gods wanted to show their gratitude to Marduk, and as a token they took, of their own free will, for one last time, spade in hand to build Babylon and Marduk's temple Esagila. In the new temple the gods then assembled and distributed the celestial and terrestrial offices. The "great gods" went into session and permanently appointed the "seven gods of destinies," or better "of the decrees," who would formulate in final form the decrees enacted by the assembly." (From the Myth of Atrahasis) (http://ragz-international.com/sumerian_and_akkadian_myths.htm) "Marduk then announced his intention of building a city for himself, Babylon, with room for the gods when they come there for assembly. His fathers suggested that they move to Babylon themselves to be with him and help in the administration of the world he had created. Next, he pardoned the gods who had sided with Tiamat and had been captured, charging them with the building tasks. Grateful for their lives, they prostrated themselves before him, hailed him as king, and promised to do the building." (http://ragz-international.com/sumerian_and_akkadian_myths.htm)
The Reigns of the First KingsThe reign of the first Sumerian kings are exceeding long a length that can only be called superhuman. "After the kingship descended from heaven, the kingship was in Eridu." This statement is from the Sumerian kings list. The first king was Alulim and he ruled for 28,800 years. But his was not the longest kingship as Enmen-lu-ana ruled for 43,200 years. It is because of these unbelievable long reigns that scholars do not put any credence into these dates. There are 19 total known kings lists and they do not match exactly. Not all kings that are known are on the list. Some kings are on some lists and not others. The Sumerian kings list relates numerically to the Biblical list of the patriarchs but differ enough that the Biblical list most likely was not copied from the Sumerian list. In fact it seems just the reverse. The antediluvian portion was written after the postdiluvian list. The extremely long lives of the earliest kings could be attributed to a scribe who mistakenly calculated the time line in the sexagesimal rather than the decimal notation. This is the current speculation. Zecharia Sitchen quotes 450,000 years for the arrival of the Anunnaki. It is most likely that the figure of 450,000 years is from one of the kings list. The one I looked at tallied 400,000 years. Here's what the Urantia Book says on this subject:
"... This lengthening of the reigns of these older kings signifies that some of the early Nodite rulers (immediate descendants of the Prince's staff) did live longer than their later-day successors and also indicates an effort to stretch the dynasties back to Dalamatia. The records of such long-lived individuals are also due to the confusion of months and years as time periods. This may also be observed in the Biblical genealogy of Abraham and in the early records of the Chinese. The confusion of the twenty-eight-day month, or season, with the later introduced year of more than three hundred and fifty days is responsible for the traditions of such long human lives." (Urantia Book p. 857-8).
Dalamatia the first city built on the earth dates back to about 500,000 years ago. It was destroyed by a tidal wave from the Persian Gulf. At 400,000 years ago it would have existed.
"And all of this explains how the Sumerians appeared so suddenly and mysteriously on the stage of action in Mesopotamia. Investigators will never be able to trace out and follow these tribes back to the beginning of the Sumerians, who had their origin two hundred thousand years ago after the submergence of Dalamatia. Without a trace of origin elsewhere in the world, these ancient tribes suddenly loom upon the horizon of civilization with a full-grown and superior culture, embracing temples, metalwork, agriculture, animals, pottery, weaving, commercial law, civil codes, religious ceremonial, and an old system of writing. At the beginning of the historical era they had long since lost the alphabet of Dalamatia, having adopted the peculiar writing system originating in Dilmun. The Sumerian language, though virtually lost to the world, was not Semitic; it had much in common with the so-called Aryan tongue." (Urantia Book p 860)
The Patriarchs The Biblical antediluvian patriarchs were all from Mesopotamia. They are: Adam, Seth, Enos, Cainan, Mahaleel, Jared, Enoch, Methuselah, Lamech and Noah. These are the ten generations between the expulsion from the garden to the bringing of the flood - according to the Biblical record. Since these patriarchs lived in southern Mesopotamia they would have been exposed to the Sumerian stories of the flood, creation of the world, babe in the reeds, tower of Babel, the creation of humans from clay, the Land of Nod, the Nephilim and of course the Anunnaki. Coupled with that was the fact of the Jewish internment in Babylon after their capture and deportation by King Nebuchadnezzar. They too would have been exposed to these same legends. Just a thought.
The FloodThere are five cities "before the flood" listed in the kings list. They are Eridu, Bad-Tibira, Larak, Sippar and Shuruppak. Eridu is listed as Sumeria's first city. Considering how conscientious and proud the Nodites were of their past history, Eridu most likely was their first city and that goes as well for the other four being the group of five first cities. Two locations however are in question and those are Bad-Tibira (aka Badgurgurru) and Larak which some archaeologists think is Larsa. But archaeologists have determined by the best of their abilities that the locations on the map below are correct. Click on it for a larger view. Some though do not think these cities have been located. In keeping with tradition these five cities were supposedly rebuilt over the foundations of the older cities. We still do this today. Eridu is regarded as the first city built by man. Shuruppak is the home town of Ziusudra who we know as Noah. These five cities are also chronicled in the "Eridu Genesis", that kingship descends from heaven and it describes the flood.
When surmising about the Nodite heritage there are some conclusions I have arrived at. First, the original 100 were well versed with the tools of civilization. When they arrived their mission was to help early man become civilized and they did work for this goal for an extremely long time. The rebellion destroyed almost all of their efforts but they still had the knowledge and skills within their culture. Second, the rebellion did not erase those memories of who they were and where they came from. If anything, in realizing their now mortality, they instilled that desire of remembrance for their former glory deep into their culture. It has been said that they (the Sumerians) "walked backward into the future" meaning they never forgot their past. For instance, Dilmun as the place of the garden for the gods was Dalamatia and is one marker for the memory that stretches back easily more than 200,000 years. As far as the kings list goes with the extraordinary length of kingly reigns they did in fact place it on the time line when Dalamatia existed. But I think this was just a lucky coincidence based on the fact that they were confused on the length of the year. But it is ironic that they were correct. The reign of kings when totaled does reach back to the age of Dalamatia. However, it also makes Eridu 400,000 years old. I doubt that.
Third, the Sumerians also wrote about the Garden of Eden with its sacred tree - another ancient memory and fairly accurate. The goddess Inanna had a holy garden in which a sacred tree was planted and from which she received her bed and throne, symbols of her power to grant kingship. It was cut down by Gilgamesh who in his epic searched for the plant of immortality. The Sumerians also mention the Plain of Eden later to be known as the Plain of Babylon. So the Sumerian cuneiform tablets contain much very ancient "history". The story of the flood is so powerful that it divides their history into two parts. Writing occurred just after the flood if you accept 5000 BC as this date (see below). Therefore, I think, is why the five pre-flood cities were known and mentioned. Given this part of Sumerian history we can only guess what else was kept alive and that seems to be the manifested "from out of nowhere" knowledge, creativity and inventiveness of these so suddenly appearing Sumerians.
The flood story is Mesopotamian.There is much historical data that floods, some severe, happened in Mesopotamia with the result that the first writings described them. Anyone who has looked at the current pictures of Iraq will see it is flat as a pancake. So you have a flat alluvial plain with two great rivers running through it. Both rivers have their origin in the northern mountains and fed by melting snows and rain. Historians do not know exactly when the great flood occurred but some estimate that it could have been some time around 5000 BC. This is a very good guess considering our present day knowledge of climate change.
Consider the following:
"The Würm ice-age made its last attack around 8000 BCE. The geological epoch starting then is called Holocene. Within a fairly short time (of order 1000 year) the world climate is basically the same as nowadays, with fluctuations on a large time scale. Recovery to normal temperature after an ice age is generally fast. It was even warmer and wetter than it ever has been since. The optimum of the warm and wet period (called Atlanticum, one of the subdivisions of the Holocene) is around 5000 BCE. It is the era in which England becomes an island again and northern Europe changes in marshland by the heavy rainfall. Modern shorelines are approximately reestablished. Coastal settlements earlier than 5000 BCE are now under water. During the Atlanticum westerly rainstorms stray deep into the desert zones of North Africa and the Near East. The present-day steppe areas were turned into green land. Many lakes are seen, in particular in Africa, that are now always dry. The distribution of the precipitation is the same as nowadays, only the absolute values change."(http://home.swipnet.se/~w-63448/mesopotam.htm)
For those who date the flood at around 3200BC that is not supported by scientific evidence. In fact that period of time was one that was more dryer. Radiocarbon dating of sea floor sediment reveals less water and hence a drier climate.
The Ancient World Concept:
To understand the flood as a world wide phenomenon we must understand the ancient concept of how the Sumerians understood their world. To begin with the universe was believed to be one huge and perhaps infinite salt ocean. Whether in the Bible or in the Sumerian tables the creation story is the same. First: Genesis 1:6 "And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters."Genesis 1:7 "And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so." Genesis 1:8 "And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day." Genesis 1:9 "And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let dry land appear: and it was so." (KJV) Now to compare this creation story (which is one of two in Genesis, the Enuma Elish also has two versions) with what the Sumerians wrote in the poem The Creation of the Pickax: "After heaven had been moved away from earth, After earth had been separated from heaven, After the name of man had been fixed;
After An had carried off heaven, After Enlil had carried off earth, After Ereshkigal had been carried off into Kur as its prize; ...
More form The Creation of the Pickax: The lord, that which is appropriate verily he caused to appear, The lord whose decisions are unalterable, Enlil, who brings up the seed of the land from the earth, Took care to move away heaven from earth, Took care to move away earth from heaven. In order to make grow the creature which came forth, In the "bond of heaven and earth" (Nippur) he stretched out the . . ."
As we can see in both accounts of creation Heaven was separated from earth. A further explanation occurs in the Babylonian poem the Enuma Elish for the firmament in the context of Marduk's defeat of Tiamat where he "puts up a roof for the sky" from half of her body. As I understand it Tiamat although a terrible dragon-like creature represents salt water and her counterpart Aspu is fresh water. Also to the Sumerians there may have been land in the form of a mountain, the abode of the gods, but there may have been a beginning now lost where there was no land at the beginning of creation. The implication from The Creation of the Pickax is that there was land when "heaven was moved away from earth". In any case a vault of heaven was created, the firmament, and that now an atmosphere was present. In the Sumerian version it is Enlil who is the god of the air. Anu is the sky god.
The result of the world creation was to the Sumerians basically a flat circle of land surrounded by a river or ocean, a hemisphere above that was the firmament and a hemisphere below containing the underworld and the Aspu. The firmament is what it says it is, that it is a solid hemisphere holding back the cosmic ocean. It was on this firmament that the sun, moon and stars traveled upon. The main topical feature of the land was the two rivers running through it. This is hardly the world wide view we have today. A mighty flood would be a world flood. It must have been terrible, so massive as to split the recording of history into antediluvian and after the flood periods as we can see in the Sumerian kings list and other texts.
From the Myth of Atrahasis we have the Akkadian description of the flood:
No one could see anyone else, They could not be recognized in the catastrophe. The Flood roared like a bull, Like a wild ass screaming the winds howled The darkness was total, there was no sun.
Nintu [a goddess] was wailing Would a true father have given birth to the rolling sea (So that) they [humans] could clog the river like dragonflies They are washed up like a raft on a bank, They are washed up like a raft on a bank in open country! I have seen, and wept over them! Shall I (ever) finish weeping for them?'
After this great destruction Enlil when spotting the boat becomes distressed, "How did any man survive the catastrophe?"..."Enki made his voice heard And spoke to the great gods, I did it, in defiance of you! I made sure life was preserved..." It is at this point that the story breaks off and we do not know what happens to Atrahasis or his boat. The concept of a firmament, a flat world ringed by water and a hemispherical underworld survived to the times of the Greeks and Romans. The following are what I call the "round" maps and not straying that far in concept from Sumeria:
This map is Babylonian from about 600 BC. In the black and white illustration you can see that the center is Babylon represented as a black area with six cities on the perimeter as smaller black areas. Assyria is at the northern top and the marshes at the bottom. There are the two great rivers of Iraq running in parallel from north to south. Other illustrations have this band as representing the Euphrates only. A ring representing the encircling ocean of water is also present. This is the map of the world as the Sumerians and Babylonians knew it. It would be a template of how the world would be represented for almost the next thousand years. The notion of a flat earth can be found in the Bible, Daniel 4:10-11 KJV "And thus were the visions of mine head in my bed; I saw, and behold a tree in the midst of the earth, and the height therefore was great. The tree grew, and was strong, and the height therefore reached unto heaven, and the sight thereof to the end of all the earth:" The implication being that if the world were spherical then not everyone could see this great tree which is the world tree the axis mundi. They could all see it only if the world were flat. The prophet Daniel at this time was captive in Babylon during the reign of King Nebuchadnezzar. The Egyptians had a similar view except they were the center of the universe. The Egyptian goddess Nut and the outstretched wings of the solar disk represented the firmament. For more information on the ancient flat earth theory go to: http://www.edwardtbabinski.us/geocentrism/scientific_creationism.html. "In the imagination of the Mesopotamians (the Sumerians, Elamites, Babylonians and Assyrians), the earth was a flat disc, surrounded by a rim of mountains and floating on an ocean of sweet water. Resting on these mountains was the hemispherical vault of the sky, across which moved the stars, the planets, the sun and the moon. Under the earth was another hemisphere containing the spirits of the dead. The Mesopotamians visualized the whole spherical world-universe as being immersed like a bubble in a limitless ocean of salt water."
"Firmament by Rabbi Geoffrey W. Dennis Hebrew "Rakia." God places a firmament between the waters of earth and the waters of heaven to separate them. Some say there are two firmaments, based on a Biblical verse (Deut. 10:14), but most teach there are seven. Later traditions identify the word rakia as referring to just one of the seven heavens, the level that holds the heavenly bodies."
The Firmament and the Seven Heavens:"The idea that the heavens are multiple and stacked one above another was widespread among the ancient cultures of the world. Perhaps this came from a natural tendency to ask what lay above the dome of the sky and to imagine a hierarchy of additional skies in which the gods dwelled. But the number of heavens one finds in the world’s ancient mythologies was not necessarily seven. Lesser and greater numbers were imagined, too. The number of seven, or sometimes eight, first took hold in the Near East and eastern Mediterranean world as a blend of Babylonian astronomy and early Greek science.
It is true that, of the names for the seven heavens given by the tractate of Hagigah, all but the first, Vilon (which means “curtain” in rabbinic Hebrew), occurs in the Bible as a term, or part of a term, for God’s dwelling place. The word raki’a, generally translated as “firmament,” is found in the account of Creation in the first chapter of Genesis. Shehakim, which probably originally referred to clouds, is rendered by the King James Bible as “heaven” in the verse from Psalms, “Who in the heaven [ba’shehakim] can be compared unto the Lord.” Zevul means “mansion” or “habitation,” as when Isaiah calls upon God, “Look down from heaven and behold from the habitation of thy holiness [zevul kodshekha],” etc. Yet, in the Bible these are basically all synonyms. Nowhere do we find the idea that each refers to a specific heaven distinct from the others.
This concept we find only in rabbinic literature, where it plays an important role, especially in the early form of Jewish mystical thought known as “Hechalot” or “Palace” mysticism. In the Hechalot tradition, it is the task of the mystical initiate to ascend by meditative techniques through the seven heavens one after another, overcoming angelic challenges in each, and then to pass safely through the seven “palaces” of the seventh heaven in order to reach the base of God’s throne. Similar beliefs, each with a complex angelology, existed among various Gnostic sects in the Roman Empire and had some currency in early Christianity, too, at least to judge by Paul’s remark in Corinthians II that “I knew a man in Christ… [who was] caught up to the third heaven.” From Judaism and/or Christianity the idea also spread to Islam, so that we read in Sura 71 of the Quran, “See you not how Allah has created the seven heavens one above another, and made the moon a light in their midst and made the sun a lamp?”
To be in “seventh heaven” is thus to reach the pinnacle of bliss. The expression has been around in English for a long time, although whether it got there from indigenous Christian sources, Jewish ones or Muslim ones, I don’t know. It almost certainly doesn’t come from in zibnten himl, since it’s older than the late 19th-century Yiddish-speaking immigration to the United States. Yet neither does in zibnten himl, which derives from internal Jewish traditions, come from it. Both go back to ancient beliefs that are thousands of years old." (http://www.forward.com/articles/11110/ By Philologos. Questions for Philologos can be sent to philologos@forward.com.) An Alternate view by Zecharia Sitchen on the Anunnaki Sitchen has translated tablets about gods who came from heaven named the “Anunnaki” who came to earth over 450,000 years ago and about 250,000 years ago genetically engineered humans to become their slaves to mine gold for them. Other translations of the old myths such as the Old Babylonian Myth of Atrahasis tell of the gods creating man to toil for them and how a great council was created to rule over mankind. The Role of the Anunnaki "Readers of my books must be smiling by now, for they know the answer. They know that the biblical verses dealing with the fashioning of The Adam are condensed renderings of much much more detailed Sumerian and Akkadian texts, found inscribed on clay tablets, in which the role of the Elohim in Genesis is performed by the Anunnaki – “Those Who From Heaven to Earth Came.” anet (1976) and even more so in Genesis Revisited and The Cosmic Code, the Anunnaki came to Earth some 450,000 years ago from the planet Nibiru – a member of our own solar system whose great orbit brings it to our part of the heavens once every 3,600 years. They came here in need of gold, with which to protect their dwindling atmosphere. Exhausted and in need of help in mining the gold, their chief scientist Enki suggested that they use their genetic knowledge to create the needed Primitive Workers. When the other leaders of the Anunnaki asked: How can you create a new being? He answered: "The being that we need already exists; all that we have to do is put our mark on it.” The time was some 300,000 years ago. What he had in mind was to upgrade genetically the existing hominids, who were already on Earth through Evolution, by adding some of the genes of the more advanced Anunnaki. That the Anunnaki, who could already travel in space 450,000 years ago, possessed the genomic science (whose threshold we have now reached) is clear not only from the actual texts but also from numerous depictions in which the double-helix of the DNA is rendered as Entwined Serpents (a symbol still used for medicine and healing) -- see illustration ‘A’ below [to the left].
When the leaders of the Anunnaki approved the project (as echoed in the biblical ”Let us fashion the Adam”), Enki with the help of Ninharsag, the Chief Medical Officer of the Anunnaki, embarked on a process of genetic engineering, by adding and combining genes of the Anunnaki with those of the already-existing hominids. When, after much trial and error breathtakingly described and recorded in antiquity, a “perfect model” was attained, Ninharsag held him up and shouted: “My hands have made it!” An ancient artist depicted the scene on a cylinder seal (illustration ‘B’). And that, I suggest, is how we had come to possess the unique extra genes. It was in the image of the Anunnaki, not of bacteria, that Adam and Eve were fashioned." We know that Sitchen is led astray about Adam. The Urantia Book says (p. 742-3) that the legends of the creation of special bodies by the Life Carriers for the 100 became confused with the installation of Adam and Eve. Also, the tablets describe the adam or mankind not Adam of Adam and Eve. In Hebrew adam means man as a generic reference and Adam as a proper name.
It is easy to see why the two events became confused with one another creating a blending of the two stories. First is the repersonalization of the 100 and of Adam and Eve. Second, both are associated with the Tree of Life. Both contain a default story. Also they both have God/man/sex legends. And finally both are located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in southern Mesopotamia.
The subtitle "The Shining Ones" applies to Inanna and Utu only but "Those Who from Heaven to Earth Came" applies to all.
A UFO event occurred in China on August 7 that will certainly not make the news in the West but is making news across that nation.
Residents across the country reported seeing a twinkling UFO at the same time: from Nanjing to Shanghai to Ganzhou. One Shanghai local took a panoramic photograph (see video below) and when developing the picture noticed what he thought was a photographic flaw only to then hear about the events elsewhere and realise that what he captured might be something of far more significance.
Alien Conatact SCIENTIST X
The consensus amongst scientists studying such phenomena is that this particular UFO is no physical craft but rather a holographic message sent by a distant civilization to let us know that ‘we are not alone’. It appears this month an ET civilization might have targeted China with a message of importance.
These holograms or messages from ETs are no secret to governments of major world powers. In 2010 we can be certain that aliens are communicating with us via these UFOs and reassuring us that, as mentioned above, our journey in this universe is not one we need travel alone.
As scientists at China’s Purple Mountain Observatory frantically decipher these messages we can be fairly certain that disclosure in China will be in most of our lifetimes. We can only hope that Western politicians note this developments and confess to the public the truth they so diligently suppress.
The late Carl Sagan once asked this question, “What does it mean for a civilization to be a million years old? We have had radio telescopes and spaceships for a few decades; our technical civilization is a few hundred years old… an advanced civilization millions of years old is as much beyond us as we are beyond a bush baby or a macaque.”
Although any conjecture about such advanced civilizations is a matter of sheer speculation, one can still use the laws of physics to place upper and lower limits on these civilizations. In particular, now that the laws of quantum field theory, general relativity, thermodynamics, etc. are fairly well-established, physics can impose broad physical bounds which constrain the parameters of these civilizations.
This question is no longer a matter of idle speculation. Soon, humanity may face an existential shock as the current list of a dozen Jupiter-sized extra-solar planets swells to hundreds of earth-sized planets, almost identical twins of our celestial homeland. This may usher in a new era in our relationship with the universe: we will never see the night sky in the same way ever again, realizing that scientists may eventually compile an encyclopedia identifying the precise co-ordinates of perhaps hundreds of earth-like planets.
Today, every few weeks brings news of a new Jupiter-sized extra-solar planet being discovered, the latest being about 15 light years away orbiting around the star Gliese 876. The most spectacular of these findings was photographed by the Hubble Space Telescope, which captured breathtaking photos of a planet 450 light years away being sling-shot into space by a double-star system.
But the best is yet to come. Early in the next decade, scientists will launch a new kind of telescope, the interferome try space telescope, which uses the interference of light beams to enhance the resolving power of telescopes.
For example, the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM), to be launched early in the next decade, consists of multiple telescopes placed along a 30 foot structure. With an unprecedented resolution approaching the physical limits of optics, the SIM is so sensitive that it almost defies belief: orbiting the earth, it can detect the motion of a lantern being waved by an astronaut on Mars!
The SIM, in turn, will pave the way for the Terrestrial Planet Finder, to be launched late in the next decade, which should identify even more earth-like planets. It will scan the brightest 1,000 stars within 50 light years of the earth and will focus on the 50 to 100 brightest planetary systems.
All this, in turn, will stimulate an active effort to determine if any of them harbor life, perhaps some with civilizations more advanced than ours.
Although it is impossible to predict the precise features of such advanced civilizations, their broad outlines can be analyzed using the laws of physics. No matter how many millions of years separate us from them, they still must obey the iron laws of physics, which are now advanced enough to explain everything from sub-atomic particles to the large-scale structure of the universe, through a staggering 43 orders of magnitude.
Physics of Type I, II, and III Civilizations
Specifically, we can rank civilizations by their energy consumption, using the following principles:
1) The laws of thermodynamics. Even an advanced civilization is bound by the laws of thermodynamics, especially the Second Law, and can hence be ranked by the energy at their disposal.
2) The laws of stable matter. Baryonic matter (e.g. based on protons and neutrons) tends to clump into three large groupings: planets, stars and galaxies. (This is a well-defined by product of stellar and galactic evolution, thermonuclear fusion, etc.) Thus, their energy will also be based on three distinct types, and this places upper limits on their rate of energy consumption.
3) The laws of planetary evolution. Any advanced civilization must grow in energy consumption faster than the frequency of life-threatening catastrophes (e.g. meteor impacts, ice ages, supernovas, etc.). If they grow any slower, they are doomed to extinction. This places mathematical lower limits on the rate of growth of these civilizations.
In a seminal paper published in 1964 in the Journal of Soviet Astronomy, Russian astrophysicist Nicolai Kardashev theorized that advanced civilizations must therefore be grouped according to three types: Type I, II, and III, which have mastered planetary, stellar and galactic forms of energy, respectively. He calculated that the energy consumption of these three types of civilization would be separated by a factor of many billions. But how long will it take to reach Type II and III status?
Scientist X
Shorter than most realize.
Berkeley astronomer Don Goldsmith reminds us that the earth receives about one billionth of the suns energy, and that humans utilize about one millionth of that. So we consume about one million billionth of the suns total energy. At present, our entire planetary energy production is about 10 billion billion ergs per second. But our energy growth is rising exponentially, and hence we can calculate how long it will take to rise to Type II or III status.
Goldsmith says, “Look how far we have come in energy uses once we figured out how to manipulate energy, how to get fossil fuels really going, and how to create electrical power from hydropower, and so forth; we’ve come up in energy uses in a remarkable amount in just a couple of centuries compared to billions of years our planet has been here … and this same sort of thing may apply to other civilizations.”
Physicist Freeman Dyson of the Institute for Advanced Study estimates that, within 200 years or so, we should attain Type I status. In fact, growing at a modest rate of 1% per year, Kardashev estimated that it would take only 3,200 years to reach Type II status, and 5,800 years to reach Type III status. Living in a Type I,II, or III civilization
For example, a Type I civilization is a truly planetary one, which has mastered most forms of planetary energy. Their energy output may be on the order of thousands to millions of times our current planetary output. Mark Twain once said, ”Everyone complains about the weather, but no one does anything about it.“ This may change with a Type I civilization, which has enough energy to modify the weather. They also have enough energy to alter the course of earthquakes, volcanoes, and build cities on their oceans.
Currently, our energy output qualifies us for Type 0 status. We derive our energy not from harnessing global forces, but by burning dead plants (e.g. oil and coal). But already, we can see the seeds of a Type I civilization. We see the beginning of a planetary language (English), a planetary communication system (the Internet), a planetary economy (the forging of the European Union), and even the beginnings of a planetary culture (via mass media, TV, rock music, and Hollywood films).
By definition, an advanced civilization must grow faster than the frequency of life-threatening catastrophes. Since large meteor and comet impacts take place once every few thousand years, a Type I civilization must master space travel to deflect space debris within that time frame, which should not be much of a problem. Ice ages may take place on a time scale of tens of thousands of years, so a Type I civilization must learn to modify the weather within that time frame.
Artificial and internal catastrophes must also be negotiated. But the problem of global pollution is only a mortal threat for a Type 0 civilization; a Type I civilization has lived for several millennia as a planetary civilization, necessarily achieving ecological planetary balance. Internal problems like wars do pose a serious recurring threat, but they have thousands of years in which to solve racial, national, and sectarian conflicts.
Eventually, after several thousand years, a Type I civilization will exhaust the power of a planet, and will derive their energy by consuming the entire output of their suns energy, or roughly a billion trillion trillion ergs per second.
With their energy output comparable to that of a small star, they should be visible from space. Dyson has proposed that a Type II civilization may even build a gigantic sphere around their star to more efficiently utilize its total energy output. Even if they try to conceal their existence, they must, by the Second Law of Thermodynamics, emit waste heat. From outer space, their planet may glow like a Christmas tree ornament. Dyson has even proposed looking specifically for infrared emissions (rather than radio and TV) to identify these Type II civilizations.
Perhaps the only serious threat to a Type II civilization would be a nearby supernova explosion, whose sudden eruption could scorch their planet in a withering blast of X-rays, killing all life forms. Thus, perhaps the most interesting civilization is a Type III civilization, for it is truly immortal. They have exhausted the power of a single star, and have reached for other star systems. No natural catastrophe known to science is capable of destroying a Type III civilization.
Faced with a neighboring supernova, it would have several alternatives, such as altering the evolution of dying red giant star which is about to explode, or leaving this particular star system and terraforming a nearby planetary system.
However, there are roadblocks to an emerging Type III civilization. Eventually, it bumps up against another iron law of physics, the theory of relativity. Dyson estimates that this may delay the transition to a Type III civilization by perhaps millions of years.
But even with the light barrier, there are a number of ways of expanding at near-light velocities. For example, the ultimate measure of a rockets capability is measured by something called “specific impulse” (defined as the product of the thrust and the duration, measured in units of seconds). Chemical rockets can attain specific impulses of several hundred to several thousand seconds. Ion engines can attain specific impulses of tens of thousands of seconds. But to attain near-light speed velocity, one has to achieve specific impulse of about 30 million seconds, which is far beyond our current capability, but not that of a Type III civilization. A variety of propulsion systems would be available for sub-light speed probes (such as ram-jet fusion engines, photonic engines, etc.)
How to Explore the Galaxy
Because distances between stars are so vast, and the number of unsuitable, lifeless solar systems so large, a Type III civilization would be faced with the next question: what is the mathematically most efficient way of exploring the hundreds of billions of stars in the galaxy?
In science fiction, the search for inhabitable worlds has been immortalized on TV by heroic captains boldly commanding a lone star ship, or as the murderous Borg, a Type III civilization which absorbs lower Type II civilization (such as the Federation). However, the most mathematically efficient method to explore space is far less glamorous: to send fleets of “Von Neumann probes” throughout the galaxy (named after John Von Neumann, who established the mathematical laws of self-replicating systems).
A Von Neumann probe is a robot designed to reach distant star systems and create factories which will reproduce copies themselves by the thousands. A dead moon rather than a planet makes the ideal destination for Von Neumann probes, since they can easily land and take off from these moons, and also because these moons have no erosion. These probes would live off the land, using naturally occurring deposits of iron, nickel, etc. to create the raw ingredients to build a robot factory. They would create thousands of copies of themselves, which would then scatter and search for other star systems.
Similar to a virus colonizing a body many times its size, eventually there would be a sphere of trillions of Von Neumann probes expanding in all directions, increasing at a fraction of the speed of light. In this fashion, even a galaxy 100,000 light years across may be completely analyzed within, say, a half million years.
If a Von Neumann probe only finds evidence of primitive life (such as an unstable, savage Type 0 civilization) they might simply lie dormant on the moon, silently waiting for the Type 0 civilization to evolve into a stable Type I civilization. After waiting quietly for several millennia, they may be activated when the emerging Type I civilization is advanced enough to set up a lunar colony. Physicist Paul Davies of the University of Adelaide has even raised the possibility of a Von Neumann probe resting on our own moon, left over from a previous visitation in our system aeons ago.
(If this sounds a bit familiar, that’s because it was the basis of the film, 2001. Originally, Stanley Kubrick began the film with a series of scientists explaining how probes like these would be the most efficient method of exploring outer space. Unfortunately, at the last minute, Kubrick cut the opening segment from his film, and these monoliths became almost mystical entities)
New Developments
Since Kardashev gave the original ranking of civilizations, there have been many scientific developments which refine and extend his original analysis, such as recent developments in nanotechnology, biotechnology, quantum physics, etc.
For example, nanotechnology may facilitate the development of Von Neumann probes. As physicist Richard Feynman observed in his seminal essay, “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom,” there is nothing in the laws of physics which prevents building armies of molecular-sized machines. At present, scientists have already built atomic-sized curiosities, such as an atomic abacus with Buckyballs and an atomic guitar with strings about 100 atoms across.
Paul Davies speculates that a space-faring civilization could use nanotechnology to build miniature probes to explore the galaxy, perhaps no bigger than your palm. Davies says, “The tiny probes I’m talking about will be so inconspicuous that it’s no surprise that we haven’t come across one. It’s not the sort of thing that you’re going to trip over in your back yard. So if that is the way technology develops, namely, smaller, faster, cheaper and if other civilizations have gone this route, then we could be surrounded by surveillance devices.”
Furthermore, the development of biotechnology has opened entirely new possibilities. These probes may act as life-forms, reproducing their genetic information, mutating and evolving at each stage of reproduction to enhance their capabilities, and may have artificial intelligence to accelerate their search.
Also, information theory modifies the original Kardashev analysis. The current SETI project only scans a few frequencies of radio and TV emissions sent by a Type 0 civilization, but perhaps not an advanced civilization. Because of the enormous static found in deep space, broadcasting on a single frequency presents a serious source of error. Instead of putting all your eggs in one basket, a more efficient system is to break up the message and smear it out over all frequencies (e.g. via Fourier like transform) and then reassemble the signal only at the other end. In this way, even if certain frequencies are disrupted by static, enough of the message will survive to accurately reassemble the message via error correction routines. However, any Type 0 civilization listening in on the message on one frequency band would only hear nonsense. In other words, our galaxy could be teeming with messages from various Type II and III civilizations, but our Type 0 radio telescopes would only hear gibberish.
Lastly, there is also the possibility that a Type II or Type III civilization might be able to reach the fabled Planck energy with their machines (10^19 billion electron volts). This is energy is a quadrillion times larger than our most powerful atom smasher. This energy, as fantastic as it may seem, is (by definition) within the range of a Type II or III civilization.
The Planck energy only occurs at the center of black holes and the instant of the Big Bang. But with recent advances in quantum gravity and superstring theory, there is renewed interest among physicists about energies so vast that quantum effects rip apart the fabric of space and time. Although it is by no means certain that quantum physics allows for stable wormholes, this raises the remote possibility that a sufficiently advanced civilizations may be able to move via holes in space, like Alice’s Looking Glass. And if these civilizations can successfully navigate through stable wormholes, then attaining a specific impulse of a million seconds is no longer a problem. They merely take a short-cut through the galaxy. This would greatly cut down the transition between a Type II and Type III civilization.
Second, the ability to tear holes in space and time may come in handy one day. Astronomers, analyzing light from distant supernovas, have concluded recently that the universe may be accelerating, rather than slowing down. If this is true, there may be an anti-gravity force (perhaps Einstein’s cosmological constant) which is counteracting the gravitational attraction of distant galaxies. But this also means that the universe might expand forever in a Big Chill, until temperatures approach near-absolute zero. Several papers have recently laid out what such a dismal universe may look like. It will be a pitiful sight: any civilization which survives will be desperately huddled next to the dying embers of fading neutron stars and black holes. All intelligent life must die when the universe dies.
Contemplating the death of the sun, the philosopher Bertrand Russel once wrote perhaps the most depressing paragraph in the English language: “…All the labors of the ages, all the devotion, all the inspiration, all the noonday brightness of human genius, are destined to extinction in the vast death of the solar system, and the whole temple of Mans achievement must inevitably be buried beneath the debris of a universe in ruins…”
Today, we realize that sufficiently powerful rockets may spare us from the death of our sun 5 billion years from now, when the oceans will boil and the mountains will melt. But how do we escape the death of the universe itself?
Astronomer John Barrows of the University of Sussex writes, “Suppose that we extend the classification upwards. Members of these hypothetical civilizations of Type IV, V, VI, … and so on, would be able to manipulate the structures in the universe on larger and larger scales, encompassing groups of galaxies, clusters, and superclusters of galaxies.” Civilizations beyond Type III may have enough energy to escape our dying universe via holes in space.
Lastly, physicist Alan Guth of MIT, one of the originators of the inflationary universe theory, has even computed the energy necessary to create a baby universe in the laboratory (the temperature is 1,000 trillion degrees, which is within the range of these hypothetical civilizations).
Of course, until someone actually makes contact with an advanced civilization, all of this amounts to speculation tempered with the laws of physics, no more than a useful guide in our search for extra-terrestrial intelligence. But one day, many of us will gaze at the encyclopedia containing the coordinates of perhaps hundreds of earth-like planets in our sector of the galaxy. Then we will wonder, as Sagan did, what a civilization a millions years ahead of ours will look like…
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This map is Babylonian from about 600 BC. In the black and white illustration you can see that the center is Babylon represented as a black area with six cities on the perimeter as smaller black areas. Assyria is at the northern top and the marshes at the bottom. There are the two great rivers of Iraq running in parallel from north to south. Other illustrations have this band as representing the Euphrates only. A ring representing the encircling ocean of water is also present. This is the map of the world as the Sumerians and Babylonians knew it. It would be a template of how the world would be represented for almost the next thousand years. The notion of a flat earth can be found in the Bible, Daniel 4:10-11 KJV 
"In the imagination of the Mesopotamians (the Sumerians, Elamites, Babylonians and Assyrians), the earth was a flat disc, surrounded by a rim of mountains and floating on an ocean of sweet water. Resting on these mountains was the hemispherical vault of the sky, across which moved the stars, the planets, the sun and the moon. Under the earth was another hemisphere containing the spirits of the dead. The Mesopotamians visualized the whole spherical world-universe as being immersed like a bubble in a limitless ocean of salt water.
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